AW Fall 2013: Lesson 6

11/1/2013

Hi everyone,

Just three more weeks, and you will have written your entire research paper!!

In-text Citation:
In today's lesson, we learned to use use in-text citation. There are three types of in-text citation that you can use in your research paper:
a. quotations
b. paraphrases
c. summaries

We need to use in-text citation to support our own ideas. If we use the opinions of others and statistical information, this improves the credibility of your research paper. In other words, the reader will trust your opinions. Also, we need to use in-text citation to avoid plagiarism (= copy somebody’s idea and claim it as your own). If you use another person’s idea, you must tell the reader where you got that information.

Quotations:
We looked at different styles of using in-text citation and focused on how to cite direct and second-hand quotes. Pay careful attention to difference between direct and second-hand quotes.

1. Direct Quote
When you use a direct quote, you are quoting the information directly from your source. For example:

James says that “Less than half of all internet users use English as their native language, and this figure continues to decrease” (3).

This tells us that James said the quote and you can find the quote on page 3 of James’ source.

2. Second-hand Quote
When you use a second-hand quote, you are quoting a quote from your source. For example,

President of the Council of Ministers for the European Union, Anna Lindh, says that “Russian, Mandarin, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, and Japanese have all been guilty of extinguishing other languages” (qtd. in James 3).

This tells us that Lindh said the quote, but Lindh did NOT write the source. James uses this quote in his source and you can find it on page 3.

Homework:
1. Body Paragraph #1

email by Tuesday, November 5 before 12 noon

2. Blog Comment #6

Blog Question #5:

What challenges did you have writing body paragraph?
Why are we writing our research paper step-by-step (and not all at once)?

Write 10-12 sentences.
Use capitalization, punctuation & spelling correctly.
Submit by Wednesday, November 5 by 6:00pm.

20 Comments

AW-Kyosuke

11/3/2013 01:10:52 am

I had some challenges, such as not taking care of mistakes of grammar and thinking about allotment of words. Of course, grammar is one of the important points when we write English sentences. However, I think the organization and contents are more important than grammar. Also, writing things in our mind at random means wasting the meaning of outline that we really had difficulties in. That’s why I paid attention to allotment of words.
We are writing our research paper step by step because it will be a better, or even best one by doing so. If we wrote it at once and submitted it to the teacher, it would be so hard for both teacher and students to check and correct the mistakes of grammar, or organization of it. I don’t think that has the meaning of attending to class every week. Separating the research paper into 5 steps: introduction, body paragraph(BP)#1, BP#2, BP#3 and conclusion will make it better or even best because it would be easy for both of them to check and correct mistakes. In other words, that will lead to reducing our burden for writing long and heavy research paper. In addition, we can be in a good shape to get some comments from our teacher almost every week.

AW-Utako

11/3/2013 01:33:19 pm

I tried not to make grammar or spelling mistakes when I wrote body paragraph. Moreover, I pay attention the structure of sentences. I tried to use funnel organizations for my supporting ideas and details. And I was careful of in-text citations without making mistakes. I reviewed last week's class to do this. These are my challenges to write body paragraph.
We are writing our research paper step-by-step because we can understand enough. If we do not do this step-by-step, we have to write without recognizing mistakes or misunderstandings. We can write our research paper correctly by doing step-by-step. We can write certainly each part of research paper.

AW-Hitomi

11/3/2013 01:52:57 pm

I had some challenges when I wrote body paragraph. One of them is translation of Japanese source into English. There were of course many difficult words for me to find English ones. The other one is order of information. I tried to pay attention to where to put sources.
In my opinion, why we are research paper step by step is because we can learn important things to write it step by step. If we notice some mistakes by teacher's correction, we can try not to make same ones again. On the other hand, if we write all and teacher checks at once, we have no opportunity to write better without mistakes. In other words, we have to try not to make same mistakes that teacher finds and corrects, and try to make use of important points that we learn in the class. I'd like to write better body paragraph little by little.

AW-Keita

11/4/2013 11:57:15 am

When I wrote body paragraph, some challenges bothered me. For example, to translate difficult words to plain one. My topics are specific, so I have to explain and change them not so as to be long or difficult. It's too difficult for me, but, in the same time, it was pleased. Next, I cared about grammar mistakes and words. We are required to write research paper following academic style, so words which are used in the paper must be academic or correct ones. There is no better way to learn how to write a paper approximately. By some mistakes, we can learn it. Writing a paper step by step is useful to recognize what each one's mistakes as Ancient Romans said, "A repetition is a mother of study". I want to try to get those skills step by step.

AW-Yuki

11/4/2013 01:13:36 pm

First of all, it was hard for me to fit the words into the required number of words. When I first finished the body paragraph 1, it had more about 480 words. What I did was to cut some details and summarize the contents. In that process, I changed the direct quote to second-hand quote. By doing this, sentences became small. With the great effort, I was finally able to cut 140 words. Secondly, I did not know what to put after the in-text citation when the source is from video or YouTube. I should have asked Professor Takeda in the class.
The reason we study step by step is that writing a research paper is a difficult process. It is also hard to get used to, so we need time to get explanation from the professor. Nicole’s correction is helpful.

AW-Daiki

11/4/2013 03:16:02 pm

I had some challenges when I wrote body paragraph#1. First of all, funnel organization was difficult for me. We have write some information with proper order. I know this will help readers to understand our reserch papers and also this is correct way of writing. So i changed order manx times to do them perfectly. Secondly, I had a difficulty cutting words and sentences to make my body paragraph 300 words. I used many sources, so when I finished writing my body paragraph at first, words were more than 300 words. So I cut unnecessary adverbs and not important sentences. As a result, i made my body paragraph about 300 words.
I think the reasons we are writing our research paper step-by-step are to understand how to write each parts of our research papers and cut down mistakes. If we would learn whole parts’ way of writing, we couldn’t understand proper way of writing and would repeat many mistakes. Therefore, step-by-step is very important for us.

AW-Moe

11/4/2013 08:27:13 pm

I have some challenges to write my body paragraph#1. First one is not making grammar mistakes. It was a little difficult for me but I tried it. Second one is using studies or professional opinions to support my ideas. I think using them is good to make my ideas persuasive. However, my body paragraph#1 becomes too long if I use them too much and I think it is bad, so I tried to use them maximum two in there. Final one is that funnel organization. When I wrote my body paragraph#1, It became too general, so I tried to make it more specific.
I think the reason why we write our research paper step by step is that it makes the time of rewriting them shorter and we need to know what point is bad in our research paper. If we do that only once, we may need much time and we will miss our mistakes, and our research paper will not become better.

AW: Haruna

11/4/2013 09:12:11 pm

When I wrote a body paragraph, I challenged to quote the words in Disney movies. To quate them, I watched many movies. I also tried using correct racial descriptions, altough It was difficult for me.
Next, i think a reason why we are writing our research paper step-by-step is to understand each function of each paragraph and because writing research paper is very difficult. Moreover, by writing a research paper step-by-step, we can get comments and make use of the points for improvement in next section.

Riki

11/4/2013 09:15:40 pm

I had some challenges writing body paragraph #1. One was the funnel organization. I had trouble first at it. I was able to specify the subject at the end. I also had trouble with grammar. I always have trouble with this. Especially in Research papers the grammar needs to be more precise compared to a normal essay. I hope I can improve on my grammar. We are doing this step by step to make sure we are doing the paper right. We are also learning the MLA style.

AW-Sae

11/5/2013 06:30:51 am

When I wrote body paragraph#1, I tried not to make spelling or grammar mistakes in it. Firstly,I tried to get rid of small mistakes that I understand if said.In addition, I was careful about not only the grammar but also how to write quotations. Above all, the particularly hard thing was to follow number of the letters restrictions. Since my body paragraph had more about 500 words at first, I cut unnecessary sentences. Then it got closer to 300 words.
We can complete a report most briefly by writing our research paper step by step. This is because we can write it paying off what we want to write in own head.

AW-Saki link

11/5/2013 07:53:15 am

In my bodyparagraph#1, I tried to take care of grammar. I did a lot of grammar mistakes in introduction, so I have to decrease the mistakes. And I also tried to write my body paragraph#1 with funnel organization. I often write only general things when I write essay. It was difficult to make my research paper in funnel organization. I think we write our research papers step by step to make it easy. It is too difficult to write 1500words at once. And it is easier to make our thinking surely to ourselves. Moreover, if we write our research papers step by step, we can correct our mistakes easily. This is why we write research paper step by step.

AW-Naoko

11/5/2013 09:40:10 am

I had some challenges to write my Body Paragraph#1. First, it was about how to make sentenses. When I wanted to write similar content again, I paid attention not to use the same sentense and to use other expression. For example, using "such as" instead of "like" or using "Japanese English speakers" instead of "EFL speakers in Japan" and so on. Second, I challenged to use specific examples. It became more persuasive and easy for readers to understand by using some examples.
This is the reason to write the essay step by step. If we write the whole essay in short term, we will not have enough time to organize and write well, so it may be half-finished. In addition, by writing step by step we can look back and rewrite the part which we had written before. So writing gradually is good way to write essay.

AW-Rina.T

11/5/2013 10:19:56 am

When I wrote body paragraph#1, I tried not to repeat same things. Moreover, in my introduction, there were a lot of mistakes of organization. Therefore, I paid attenton to construction of sentences. It is difficult for me to translate Japanese sources into English. So, I want to practice through writing body paragraph#2 and #3. It is also difficult for me to put in 300 words. I had to cut the sentences and summarize that I want to say.
I think writing the research paper step by step is the best way to understand each funnel organization. If we write the research paper all at once, we cannot notice mistakes. And it is hard to write 1500 words all at once.

AW-Moena

11/5/2013 01:06:11 pm

When I wrote body paragraph 1, I tried not to make mistakes of grammar. It is because I made a lot that kind of mistakes in writing Introduction. And also, I paid more attention to use funnel organization for body paragraph, especially supporting idea. Moreover, I had challenge for in-text citation. In using sources, I paid attention to whether this sources support to understand and improve reliability.
Next, we are writing research paper step-by-step so we can understand how to write research paper more. If we wrote it all at once, we could not pay attention to the detail of matter and grammar. By doing step-by-step, we can correct our mistakes. And it is difficult to write 1500 words all at once. So by doing step-by-step, we can write research paper surely and easily.

AW-Rina.S

11/5/2013 01:41:47 pm

I had some challenges to write body paragraph #1. The funnel organization is one of them for me. I had a difficult time distinguishing which sentence is specific and general. Moreover, I also had a trouble with a place that I should put quotations in my body paragraph#1. Because I wanted to write it effectively.
We are writing reserach papers step-by-step because there are a lot of rules and imformation to write research papers. If we do it all at once, we will not realize it completely and write research papers carefully.

AW-Shota

11/5/2013 02:17:03 pm

AW-Ayana

11/5/2013 02:55:05 pm

When I wrote the body paragraph, I was careful about include the topic sentence and two supporting ideas. This can include quotations or paraphrased passages with the proper documentation. Also, it is important to choose evidence. Evidence is also another form of support for my paragraph. Lastly, conclusion is main things I think. Concluding sentence of the paragraph should reiterate the main point of the paragraph as a way to conclude the paragraph.
Next, I learned about writing construction step by step. We can't master a writing construction in a short time, so we have to study it step by step. It is important to try new things step by step.

AW-Yuri

11/5/2013 02:57:56 pm

When I wrote body paragraph, I had some challenges. Firstly, I tried not to make mistakes of grammar, spelling, and in-text citation. Secondly, I challenged to cut unnecessary sentences. When I finished to write my body paragraph, it was more than 300 words. I had to cut some sentences. It was difficult to select which sentences were not needed. I cut some direct quote and not important sentences. Finally, I could write my body paragraph about 300words.
We are writing research paper step-by-step because we learn how to write researchpaper. If I make mistakes in body paragraph#1, I can pay attension not to make same mistakes in body paragraph#2 and #3. And, It is hard to write all at once. We can decrease a burden and write carefully if we write research paper step-by-step.

AW-Shuhei

11/5/2013 04:43:28 pm

when I wrote body paragraph#1, I felt some challenges. First, I don't have many vocabulary. So if possible, I am careful not to use same phrase. It is challenge for me. But it improve my vocabulary. Second, I try to use many sources. I want to write research paper on many position. So if possible, I write research paper by using many sources.
The reason why we write research paper step by step is that we should write research paper in correct style.
If we write research paper all at once, we can't write research paper in correct style. So we need to write research paper step by step.

AW-Shota (previou one miss-sent)

11/5/2013 04:51:48 pm

I had trouble writing the body paragraph in a funnel organization. Some sentences were specific in about the same rate and which came first and next was a little confusing. Yet, finding sources for the citing process was not as difficult as I expected and found it quite fun. Furthermore, the 300 words required turned out not to be much trouble. With so much informations to write about, it is more difficult to cut it down to the right amount. With this pace, I hope to finish the next assignment in no time.
This essay we are working on will be quite long in the end when it is finished. Therefore, it will also be hard for us to correct our mistakes and make the essay organized and neat. By breaking down the range of works to do per week, we are able to concntrate on the assignment. Plus, it will be much easier for us to send it in on time.

AW Fall 2013: Lesson 6

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